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| Author: Bruce Robertson Illustrator: Kathryn Hewitt Summary: In medieval Paris, Marguerite helps her nearly blind father finish painting an illuminated manuscript for his patron, Lady Isabella. ISBN: 0-89236-372-X Unit Prepared by Celia Hartmann and Ami Brainerd |
NOTE:
Gabriel and the Hour Book
by Evaleen Stein would make an excellent family read aloud for the time you're
doing this unit. Or perhaps an older student could read it on his own to go
along with this unit. A delightful almost 100 year old book! Get it from your
library, or you can read it on-line at the
Baldwin Project.
Lapbook Templates
**There are links to diagrams (the eye, the nose, etc.) in this unit. If you decide to use these in your lapbook, you can use the titles found in these files to paste on the covers. You will also find a title for "My Calligraphy Sample"; your student can paste this on the front of his calligraphy if you choose to do that activity. The other title is for the Character Chart.
Chapter I.- In
Which We Meet Marguerite, Papa Jacques, the Loathsome Andre', and Master Raymond
History -- The Middle Ages
The setting of our story is Paris, France during the Middle Ages. The
Middle Ages are also known as the Medieval Ages. The Middle Ages came between
(in the middle of) the Ancient World (before the 400s AD) and the Modern World
(after the 1400s AD). The time period of the Middle Ages could also be defined
as the time between the fall of the Western Roman Empire (476 AD) and the fall
of the Eastern Roman Empire (1453).
It is somewhat of a myth that the Middle Ages were a time where education was put on a back burner and that no advances in science and technology were made. The Middle Ages occurred in all cultures, but for this lesson we will focus on the European Middle Ages.
The European Middle Ages can be divided into three distinct periods:
* The Early Middle Ages
* The High Middle Ages
* The Late Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages occurred from ~500 AD to ~1000 AD. During this time, many people invaded Europe now that the western half of the Roman Empire had fallen. This portion of the Middle Ages has also been called the Dark Ages, a reflection of the many invasions. Trade declined because of the invasions. The lack of a central government created chaos. With no government, the people looked to the strongest local leader for protection. Contact with other parts of Europe and the Middle East was all but lost completely. Eventually the Catholic church would rise as a central organizer.
The High Middle Ages occurred from ~1000 AD to ~1300 AD. Finally, peace and order! The instability and the invasions of the Early Middle Ages finally came to an end. As such, peasants expanded their farms and villages, merchants traded more and long distance trade was revived, town governments began, and universities were built. During the High Middle Ages, Europe's population doubled.
The Late Middle Ages
occurred from ~1300 AD to ~1500 AD. This portion of the Medieval Ages was once
again marked by war and governmental upheavals--and on top of that, there were
also natural disasters! England and France fought over who should rule
France. This began a war that started in 1337 and ended in 1453 and was known
as the Hundred Years War. (Have your student do the math--what a silly
name!). As if it weren't enough for the countries to be fighting, the
Catholic church leaders (popes) also fought about which one should be leader!
During the early 1300s, a mini ice age began (and lasted until the 1700s!) and
Europe was much colder and rainier. Under these weather conditions, crops
failed and food prices soared. Then from 1348 to 1351, the Bubonic Plague (also
referred to as "The Black Death") ravaged Europe. Whole villages disappeared in
a matter of hours. Before it's end, as much as half of the population of
Europe died from the plague. Not all of the Late Middle Ages were bad though.
A revitalization in learning and the arts began. Brave men began to set sail
for new worlds, beginning at age of exploration.
Also the Late Middle Ages saw the creation of an invention that would change the
world: Johann Gutenberg's printing press. His invention in 1440 allowed the
copying of a single page of text onto many sheets of paper. The papers were then
collated together and bound, and thus several copies of the same book were
created. Prior to this, books were copied by hand, one at a time, as in our
story.
Lapbook Component: Middle Ages Layer Book
(Most information on the Middle Ages was researched using Dr. Shannon L. Duffy's on-line notes, #24, #25, and #27.)
Research Ideas:
* Our story depicts city life in the Medieval Ages. Have your student research and compare/contrast medieval country life with medieval city life.
* This was such a brief
introduction to the Middle Ages, and there are many other aspects of it that
your student could research: the people, the wars,
the castles,
the social system, the church, etc.
If your student shows an interest in a topic that is touched upon this week, let
him explore it deeper.
Possible books:
The Early Middle Ages by James A. Corrick
The Late Middle Ages by James Barter
The Middle Ages by Fiona Macdonald
Town Life by Fiona Macdonald
Medieval Town and Country Life Emma Johnson
Medieval Life a DK book by Andrew Langley
The Usborne
Internet-Linked Medieval World by Jane Bingham
Geography --the walled city of
medieval Paris, France
Our story is set in Paris, France, nearly 600 years ago. Have your student
locate France on a globe or map. Paris, located on the River Seine, is the
capitol of France.
(You may wish to save this portion of the geography lesson for the day you do
the aerial view art lesson.)
During the Middle Ages, Paris
was an important city. If you look at the two page spread as soon as you open
the book, you have an idea of what Paris looked like 600 years ago. Notice the
wall that surrounded the city. That wall was built between 1190 and 1220 and is
called Philippe-Auguste's Wall. During the time it was built, King Philip
August reigned. It was built to provide protection from warring armies. It
was complete with battlements, fortified gates, and round towers. Sections of
the wall are still visible today.
Lapbook Components:
Where in the World is France,
Flag of France Minit Book,
Paris in the Middle Ages
A map of 1210 AD Paris for your lapbook/notebook
A picture of King Philip August for your lapbook/notebook
Outline Map of France at About.com
Enchanted Learning's French Flag to color (members only)
History -- Book of Hours:
During the Middle Ages, men created beautiful books. Back then, books were
not printed by the thousands as they are now. Each book was painstakingly
copied and bound--all by hand.
Books of Hours contained prayers, hymns, psalms, and sometimes lessons learned
from other people--very similar to our books of devotions today. The pages
within were highly decorated, which gave the book (and its illuminator)
prestige. Often a book of hours would also contain a calendar to remind the
owner of important holidays. These pages were often decorated with scenes
associated with that time of year (spring, harvest, etc.). Often, too, a Book
of Hours would include a picture of the owner.
Only the wealthy could afford to commission someone to make a Book of Hours for
them and to pay them for the expensive materials required to make it. Making a
book during the Middle Ages was a very long and often tedious process. First,
parchment (also called vellum), made from animal skin, had to be prepared
specifically to receive ink and paint. Then its surface was ruled by an
assistant to allow for straight lines. A scribe carefully copied the text,
leaving spaces for the illuminator to decorate. Then an illuminator added the
decorated uppercase letters and created beautiful scenes and borders for the
pages, using goldleaf and bright colors. Then pages were placed in order, and
the book was bound.
The most famous Book of Hours is Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry.
It was commissioned by Jean, Duc de Berry, in 1413. He loved books and owned 14
Bibles and 15 Books of Hours. The book had actually been started in 1384, but
left unfinished (perhaps the artist died?). Jean died in 1416 and the book was
once again left unfinished. It was finally finished during the years of 1484 to
1489...over 100 years after it was originally started.
The Book of Kells, while not a Book of Hours, is another beautiful example of an
illuminated work from the Middle Ages. It contains the four gospels, written in
Latin. It is one of the most famous manuscripts to have survived the Middle
Ages. It contains 680 pages--of which, only two are undecorated. Here are some
of the pages from
the Book of Kells, each highly decorated.
Visit this excellent
interactive demo of how a Medieval manuscript is made.
Ask your student to point out things in the demo that he also saw in the story's
pictures. Did he notice the sheep outside the place where Marguerite purchased
the calfskin parchment/vellum? While Marguerite purchased a calfskin vellum,
vellums were also made from sheep or goats' skins. In the story, a man was
pictured using a tool to scrape a hide, but from the demo we learned the name of
the tool was a lunellum. He probably remembers the quill and ink, but did he
remember that Marguerite used a burnishing stone instead of a burnishing tool?
He might remember that Marguerite used egg white in the inks she created; the
demo teaches that the egg white was called 'glair.'
Lapbook Component: Book of
Hours Accordion
Pictures of the calendar from
Les Très Riches
Heures du Duc de Berry. (Preview for suitability--perhaps
March,
July,
September, or
October)
Click here to
view pictures of other Books of Hours (again, preview for suitability)
A Glossary of terms
associated with Medieval Writing
Language Arts
Comprehension/Discussion Questions
1. Where does our story take place?
2. What is a manuscript?
3. What is a "book of hours"?
4. What were some of Marguerite's chores at the workshop?
5. Why were his glasses Papa's most precious possession?
6. Why do you think André was so rude/pushy
7. Why did Papa not want Marguerite to help finish the book?
8. Name something that Papa and Marguerite got from Master Raymond.
9. Why did Papa ask Master Raymond to load him a few francs?
10. What happened to Papa's glasses?
Vocabulary
affectionately- feeling or showing a great liking for a
person or thing
illuminated (see glossary at the end of the book)
trembled- to shake uncontrollably (as with fear or cold)
steward- a manager of a large home, estate, or organization
alarmed- to cause to feel a sense of danger
stammered- to speak or utter with involuntary stops and much
repeating
errand- a short trip taken to do or get something
noble- of high birth or rank
prosperous- having or showing success or financial good
fortune
scribe (see glossary; this is also discussed in a later
lesson on Medieval occupations)
anxious- afraid or nervous about what may happen; worried
careened- to sway from side to side
patron (see glossary at the end of the book)
Vocabulary Crossword Puzzle
Art
Aerial View
Notice the two page spread as soon as you open the book. This is aerial
view of the city of France and the land around it, as it looked almost 600 years
ago. Review or explain
that an aerial view of something looks as though the person viewing it is
looking from way up high in the sky (air).
Point out the River Seine that runs through Paris. Notice the Cathedral sits on
an island and that Paris lies on both sides of the river. Point the two roads
going into and out of Paris...how they connect the island to both parts of
Paris.
Point out the wall that surrounded Paris. (Has your child rowed
HSS's Fritz and
the Beautiful Horses?...you might remind him of that walled city.) Have him
notice that only large buildings in Paris are shown on the map....ask your child
if, in looking at this picture, he thinks there are a bunch of people who live
in Paris. It would be logical for him to conclude that there are not because
this picture does not show many houses within the wall.
Now turn the page. See if your student makes the connection that this the same
picture of Paris, only closer up. It's still an aerial view, but now much
closer. Now you can see all the little brown roofs of houses. Now ask him if a
bunch of people live there.
Preparations
"[Marguerite] set out clean brushes and oyster shells to hold the paints..."
Discuss the importance of preparing for a project before starting it. You
may also want to discuss the importance of cleaning up after you finish.
A good exercise in the importance of preparation would be cooking a recipe.
Emphasize to your student the importance of making sure you have all the
ingredients you need before you start mixing and stirring. If
you start throwing ingredients in a bowl before you prepare, you may end up not
being able to complete what you've started. It's also a good idea to
make sure all your bowls, measuring cups, and utensils are washed and ready to
go before you start.
Let your student choose a recipe to make this week. Let him prepare by
setting out everything he will need before he starts. If he needs an
ingredient that you don't have on hand, he should make a shopping list.
Lapbook Component:
Prepared Pocketbook
Science
Human Anatomy: Eyesight and Glasses
Papa Jacques eyeglasses were very important to him. Why did he need
them?
Sometimes the parts of an eye don't work together like they should causing
people to have a hard time seeing things. Glasses can fix this problem.
Your eye is made up of the following parts
cornea (kor-nee-uh)- clear tissue that helps your eye focus
iris- the colored part (what color is your iris?)
pupil- allows light into the eye
retina- the very back of the eye
Your eyes bend light rays so that the image can be focused sharply on your
retina (and interpreted by your brain). Most people have vision
problems because their eyes aren't refracting (bending the light rays) in the
right way. Glasses (and contacts) can fix refraction problems by
bending the light in the right way -- in a way that lets a person see more
clearly.
Lapbook Components:
Nearsighted/Farsighted Glasses
Parts of an Eye Triangle
Book
Diagram of the Eye
Label the Eye at Enchanted Learning
You may also want to discuss common refractive problems with your student--
nearsightedness and farsightedness.
Nearsighted- when a person can see stuff that is near (computer screen, book
they are reading, etc.), but has problems seeing things far away (like a tree in
the distance)
Farsighted- when a person can see objects that are far away, but can't see
things up close
In both cases, the image the person is trying to view is not properly focused on
the retina. With nearsightedness, the image becomes focused in front of the
retina. With farsightedness, the image is focused behind the retina.
Another refractive problem is called astigmatism (uh-stig-muh-tih-zum). This
means that the cornea is an uneven shape causing it to bend the light in
different directions; this distorts what the person is looking at making things
fuzzy or blurry.
Try using this
eye
chart to see what shape your
vision is in.
Nice diagram of a cow's eye, which is very similar to a human eye except we
do not have a tapetum.
(move your mouse over names of parts to highlight the parts and to learn their
function)
Worksheet for your
student to label the parts and tell what they do
Play a few roundss of
Eye Dominoes
and learn the parts of the eye and their function at the same time
Lots of eye
experiments here:
For the brave, watch an actual
dissection of a cow's eye
Chapter II- In Which Marguerite Meets Many People in Different Parts of Paris
Social Studies
Medieval Occupations
This section of the story introduces your student to some of the occupations
that people held during the Middle Ages. Some are similar to occupations
that we have today, some are even the same, but some are different.
Discuss the occupations with your student. Discuss the differences and
similarities to modern day occupations. Let your student choose one
medieval occupation for extended research. Use these lapbook components
for report:
Medieval Occupation
Report Form,
Pocket for Storage
Lapbook Component:
Medieval Occupations (6
mini)
Use each mini book to list occupations of that
category
Merchants
eggler - an egg-merchant
beekeeper - also known as apiarist
plumer - a dealer in feathers
greengrocer - seller of vegetables and fruits
innkeeper
milkmaid - a female servant who milks cows
poulter - seller of poultry
thresher - one who thrashes grain, separating it from straw
woodmonger - a seller of fuel wood
drover - one who drives sheep or cattle to market
Artists/Entertainers
troubadour - most properly a minstrel from the southern part of France
fool
limner - illuminator of books
piper
musician
poet
sculptor
writer
Scholars
scrivener - scribe
philosopher
mathematician
professor
astronomer
Craftsmen
furrier - one who makes and repairs goods made of furs - esp. clothes
pastrycook - baker specializing in pastries
mason - bricklayer
chandler- one who makes candles
blacksmith - one who works with iron to form metal implements: esp farm tools
just about anything you can imagine-- ropemaker, jewlerymaker, glover,
locksmith, butcher, hatmaker, weaver, carpenter, jeweler, tailor, shoemaker,
etc.
Service Occupations
restaurateur - one who owns or runs a restaurant
steward
barber
doctor
maidservant
accomptant- a man who does financial bookkeeping
bailiff - the man who makes arrests and executions
Government Occupations
chancellor - a secretary to a noble or royal
constable - the warden of a town or castle
diplomat - the person who negotiates with foreign nations
jailer - the man responsible for a jail: he keeps the criminals from getting out
king, knight, lady, judge, nobleman, prince
A list of Medieval Occupations
Language Arts
Sensory Details
Good writing usually includes some sensory details allowing the reader to
transport himself or herself into the story. In this section ("In Which
Marguerite Meets Many People..."), Robertson has included words and phrases
that give the reader a chance to smell what Marguerite smells. When Marguerite goes to the
farmhouse, it smells foul. "She fished in her pocket for a handkerchief
scented with lavender. She held it up to her and tried not to
breathe." Another example of sensory smell details is found when
Marguerite visits the apothecary. "There was a peculiar musty smell, like
damp spices and moldy straw." Encourage your student to use
sensory details (for all five senses) when he writes.
Lapbook Component: Sensory
Details Nose Shape
Comprehension Questions:
1. Why did Marguerite have to complete Papa's errands without him?
2. Recall the places Marguerite went and what she got from each place.
3. Responsibility is able to choose for oneself between right and wrong and
taking charge of or being trusted with important matters. Did Marguerite
demonstrate this character quality? How?
Vocabulary
dingy- rather dark and dirty : not fresh or clean
foul- disgusting in looks, taste, or smell
dim- not bright or clear
musty- affected by dampness or mildew; tasting or smelling of
dampness and decay
withered- to shrivel from moisture
Vocabulary Chapter 2 Flap Book
Art
Architecture -- The Cathedral of Notre Dame
In 1160, it was announced that plans were being made to build a grand
cathedral on the Cite (Ami the e has an accent over it.) Island in the Seine
River in Paris, France. The Cite Island was a natural choice, as it had been
considered sacred ground for over a thousand years. First with the Celts, later
with the Romans, continuing to the time they decided to build Notre Dame. An
existing church was razed to make way for the new cathedral.
In 1163, the cornerstone was laid and construction began on what remains one of
the finest examples of French Gothic architecture. It took until 1250 to
complete the major elements of the cathedral; it was not truly completed until
1345. (Math lesson: How many years did it take to complete the majority of the
cathedral? How old is the cornerstone today?)
Gothic architecture started in France about 1150 and was popular throughout
Europe until about 1400. Gothic architecture used new techniques of construction
that allowed taller buildings to be created. Gothic builders learned that
pointed arches were strong and stable and helped support the weight of the
roof. The Cathedral of Notre Dame was the among the very first to employ the
use of flying buttresses to prevent the arches and roof from collapsing. The
Gothic builders also came up with ribbed vaulting to support the weight on
columns. For
pictures of
pointed arches, flying buttresses, and ribbed vaulting.
These new methods of building led to buildings of amazing heights. The west
facade towers of the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris are 226 feet tall. The
original plan called for steeples on top of the towers, to make it even higher;
however, they were never added. (It
would have looked like this if they had been added.) The main vault
(ceiling) inside the cathedral is 112 feet high.
Another characteristic of Gothic architecture is the rose window, a beautiful,
gigantic, full circle stained glass window. Two of Notre Dame's rose windows
are among the only medieval rose windows in all of Europe that have survived
through the years.
Lapbook Component: Gothic
Architecture Trifold
Book recommendations: Cathedral by David Macaulay (highly recommended for this
lesson, PBS also made a video)
(For Moms: Celia highly recommends the book /The Invisible Woman: When Only
God Sees/ by Nicole Johnson for your own personal reading this week.)
For more
information on Notre Dame Paris, visit Answers.com
For a
photo gallery of Notre Dame, visit Wiki
Architecture -- Gargoyles
A gargoyle is a technical term that architects use to mean a waterspout.
Artists of the Middle Ages created fantastical gargoyles, often quite ugly and
scary. No one is sure just why these kinds of figurines were added to the
buildings. Here a few reasons that historians have thought about.
Most people during the Middle Ages were unable to read. When buildings were
built, the carvers may have used their creativity to tell some of the well-known
stories of the timeperiod or lessons from scripture. Or perhaps the carvers
were inspired by the costumes worn during plays or during the Feast of Fools
celebration. The gargoyles may have been inspired by some of the skeletal
remains of dinosaurs; an interpretation of what the artist believe the animal
would have looked like. Some believe the gargoyles were meant to be guardians,
that scary looking figurines would keep away evil.
There is also a legend about a fierce dragon named La Gargouille that lived in a
cave near the River Seine near Paris. A man named Romanus saved Paris by
capturing the dragon and burning it. This dragon may have served as the model
for some of the gargoyles on buildings.
Whatever the reason, there were many gargoyles created during the Middle Ages.
Even some modern architects continue the practice of adding these decorated
waterspouts to their buildings.
Lapbook Component: Gargoyle
Matchbook
Here are a few modern, less scary gargoyles to view with your student:
Elephant
Rooster
Hippo
Lion
If you feel it is appropriate to show your older student actual pictures of the
gargoyles on the Notre Dame Cathedral, here are a couple websites.
http://nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu/~biolab/gargoyles/gargoyles.html
http://puffin.creighton.edu/museums/archive/gargoyle/chimere.html
Dover has a Gargoyles and Medieval Monsters Coloring Book
Science
Products made from Farm Animals
What farm animal products is your student familiar with? (eggs for
eating, milk for drinking, feathers for pillows, etc.) Discuss the ways
that animal products were used in this story. Before the invention of
plastics and other things, we had to use animal products to make many different
things!
the parchments were made from cow's skin
the goose feathers were used for pens
eggs were used for paint
Discuss what pens, paper, and paints are made from today. Your younger
student may enjoy making a huge list of all the animals he can think of and what
their products are used for. Lapbook Component:
Animals Products Flap Book
Human Anatomy: Sense of Smell
Human Anatomy -- The Sense of Smell:
"Marguerite entered a dingy shed behind a farmhouse. Inside, it smelled very
foul. She quickly fished in her pocket for a handkerchief scented with
lavender. She held it up to her nose and tried not to breathe."
Our sense of smell is called olfaction. It helps us understand the world
around us, just as our eyes and ears do. How does our sense of smell work? It
starts with the molecules (teeny-tiny, too-small-to-see bits) of the scent float
through the air and are inhaled. These molecules go into our nasal cavity (the
space behind your nose) and hit the olfactory epithelium (eh-puh-thee-lee-uhm).
The epithelium contains milLions of special olfactory receptor cells.
Different cells respond to different smells and those affected cells send a
signal the olfactory bulbs (located just above the epithelium and just under the
front of the brain), where it is processed by the brain. The brain can
interpret about 10,000 different variations of the reception cells, translating
them into a specific odor (in other words, the brain can identify about 10,000
different smells).
Because our nasal passages are connected to our mouth, some odor molecules
reach the olfactory epithelium by inhaling them through the mouth. That is why
our sense of taste is affected when when have a cold.
Our sense of smell is just one more way God proves his creativity--just like no
two people have the same fingerprints, no two people have the same
odor-identifying abilities.
Lapbook Components:
Sense of Smell Shape Book
Blank
Sense of Smell Shape Book
Lined
Print this graphic and have your student label the nasal cavity, the
olfactory epithelium, and the olfactory bulbs.
Activity:
During a time that your student is not around, get out a good number of cotton
balls and snack-size baggies. Place a few drops of various liquids on
individual cotton balls. Ideas:
Be sure to place only one scent on each cotton ball and place it in the baggie
and seal it before moving on to the next scent. Get a variety of scents--good
and bad. If you think you might forget the smells, write a number on each
baggie and make a master list of the scents (but hide it from your student!)
Activities:
Practice
Marguerite was an
excellent painter. Was this her first time painting? (No, refer to section
II where the reader can infer that she had painted before). Ask your
student-- "how do we know this wasn't Marguerite's first time? (Marguerite had used the
scrap edges of the parchment skin to use for drawings.) Do things usually
come easy the first time? No, we have to practice, practice, practice!
Encourage your student to keep on practicing in order to develop his talents and
gifts.
Gold Leaf
Gold leaf is gold that is beaten
into extremely thin sheets that are used for gilding (applying metal leaf to a
surface). Gold leaf is available in a wide variety of karats and shades, the
most common being 22-karat yellow gold is the most commonly used.
You may want to find and purchase (at an art supply store) gold leaf and the
supplies to use it. Let your student try it for himself.
Lapbook Component: Gold
Leaf Matchbook
Math
Ratio
A ratio is the relationship in quantity, amount, or size between two or more
things. The egg tempera calls for 2 teaspoons of egg yolk to every 1
teaspoon of powdered tempera. This can be written two different
ways-- 2:1 or 2/1. Find ratios around your house. How
many boxes of cereal do you have? How many gallons of milk?
Write it as a ratio.
How many vacuum sweepers do you have? How many floors need swept?
How many folders does your student have? How many different subjects?
If you wanted to double the paint recipe, how much would you need? What if you
wanted to triple it? What would the ratio be now? (If your student
has learned how to reduce fractions, let him reduce the ratios to see that it's
the same ratio even when doubled or tripled. i.e. doubled -- 4:2 or 4/2 =
1/2. tripled-- 6:3 or 6/3 = 1/2. The ratio always stays the
same.
What would happen if you didn't follow instructions on the paint recipe and you
changed the ratio? What if you added 1/2 teaspoon powdered
tempera to every 2 teaspoons of egg yolk? Would the paint turn out right?
You may want to hypothesize an answer and test it. Try as many different
ratios as you can. Which ratio do you think works the best for the paint?
Lapbook Component: Ratios Around My
House
Science
Daisies
Who doesn't love daisies!? They add sunshine wherever they bloom. They
are easy to grow (great for a beginning gardener) and perfect to cut for indoor
flower arrangements and vases. Daisies are a perennial ( living for
several years usually with new leafy growth produced from the base each year).
You can start some from seed and expect them to bloom the second year and every
year after. Daisies prefer rich, well drained soiled in a
sunny location, but they can grow in lesser conditions, too. They will get
thicker each year, so you need to divide them every three or four years if you'd
like to yield bigger, more beautiful blooms.
Lots of different varieties of daisies exit. One of the most popular is
the Shasta Daisy. Take some time to research the different varieties of
daisies. You may want to add a small daisy patch to your flower garden; if
you want blooms the first year, be sure to buy a plant at a greenhouse, garden
center, or nursery.
Bible / Character Development
Honor Your Father and Mother
Read Exodus 20:12 with your student (the fifth commandment). It
admonishes us to honor our parents. How did Marguerite do this?
Lapbook Component: Fifth
Commandment Book
Heaven (Revelation chapter 21)
The text says the paint was "the color of heaven"
What does the Bible tell us about heaven? Read through
Revelation 21 and discuss the
different ways heaven is described.
Lapbook Component: Heaven Simple Fold
Historiated Initial
Near the end of the story, on the page where we can see Marguerite coloring
in Lady Isabelle's robe, we also see what looks to be a historiated letter. To
the right of Marguerite's hand is a decorated capital letter "D." Inside the
letter, looks to be a miniature picture of Lady Isabelle. In a Medieval
manuscript, whenever a decorated capital letter contains a painting that
pertains to the the text, it is considered a historiated letter (vs. a decorated
letter).
Illuminated Manuscripts
Beautifully decorated books from the Medieval Ages were true works of art.
Unlike mass produced books of today, each book is unique. Sadly, most artists
of those manuscripts are barely known except in specific art circles.
Lapbooking Component:
Illuminated
Letters Book -- cut rectangle out as one piece and follow
Hot Dog Instructions; help
your student find images of illumination examples on the web and paste them in
to his book
Take a virtual tour of an illuminated manuscripts exhibit. Click on
a thumbnail one of the various of manuscript pages shown to make the image
larger. Then zoom in and move around the image. As always, preview the
content of images to determine appropriateness. Select a few to discuss with
your student. (To view images of a different theme, click one of the themes
listed at the left.) Show your student the images you have chosen to discuss.
Discuss the time it must have taken an artist (depending on the type of
manuscript, often years were spent on the book). Talk about the colors. Did
the artist use flowers or animals or both to decorate the margin. Who is/might
be pictured? What might be happening in the scene? Are there any decorated
letters? Historiated letters?
An interesting side note: there is a project currently underway to complete a
hand-written, illuminated Bible. It is called the
St. John's Bible. It will use the same techniques and materials that were
used in the Middle Ages. If it is completed, it will be the first hand-written,
illuminated Bible since the invention of the printing press.
Pictures of the Author and Illustrator
If your book has its dust
jacket, show your student the flap that gives more info about the author and
illustrator. What does he notice about them? The pictures are drawn so that
they look as like they live in the Middle Ages!
Both Dover Publications and Bellerophon Books sell a few items on Illuminated
Letters (do a search on their site for "illuminated.") *LINK*
A Medieval Alphabet to Illuminate, Bellerophon Books, Santa Barbara, CA.
Bible / Character Development
Reputation
Papa Jacques was concerned about his reputation. What is a reputation?
In Proverbs 22:1, the Bible says, "A good name is rather to be chosen than
great riches, and loving favour rather than silver and gold."
What is a good name? Why is it important?
Lists of Books that might be useful for Teacher
to obtain from the library:
Go along books
Bible / Character Development
Here's a Bible lesson to go along with the idea of illumination.
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