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Shark Lapbook
Research, template ideas, and
photos contributed by
Lynn Pitts
Templates made by Ami
Templates
*Image used with permission from
www.earth-touch.com
**Use this book to record cool shark facts that you find as you read various
books about sharks
Printable Shark Bites Game
Photos
Research
Library List
The Best Book of Sharks by Claire
Llewellyn
Sharks by Niki Walker & Bobbie Kalman
All About Sharks by Jim Arnosky
Sharks by Gail Gibbons
Hungry, Hungry Sharks (Reader ~ Level 3) by Joanna Cole
Everything Kids' Sharks Book by Kathi Wagner
Shark by DK Publishing
Book Log Hotdog Book
Hotdog Book Instructions
Vocabulary
Cartilage: Rubbery material that forms the skeleton of a shark.
Denticles: Small, stiff, thorny scales that make up a shark's rough skin.
Gill: Part of a fish's body that allows it to breathe oxygen. They breathe in oxygen from the water and release carbon dioxide.
Pup: Baby Shark
Prey: An animal hunted by another for food.
School: A group of fish.
What are Sharks?
Sharks are fish. They are one of the
fastest fish in the sea. Most fish are cold-blooded. Their body temperature
changes with the temperature of the water around them. Fish breathe with organs
called gills. Sharks do not have bones.
Their skeletons are made entirely of
cartilage, which is lighter and more flexible than bone. There are more than 250
species of sharks.
What is a Shark?
Nine most familiar sharks and their sizes:
Mako Shark- Length: 13 feet
Bull Shark- Length: 12 feet
Leopard Shark- Length: 7 feet
Whale Shark- Length: 60 feet
Great White Shark- Length: 24 feet
Great Hammerhead Shark- Length: 20 feet
Nurse Shark- Length: 14 feet
Tiger Shark- Length: 24 feet
Thresher Shark- Length: 20 feet
Shark Sizes Graph
Each species of shark belongs to a larger group called a family, which include similar types of sharks.
There are four categories of sharks:
Requiem Sharks:
This is the largest family of sharks. It includes: Tiger, Blue, Leopard, Bull, Blacktip, Lemon, and Whitetip Sharks.
Mackerel Sharks:
This is the second largest family of sharks. It includes: Great white, mako, and porbeagle sharks.
Hammerhead Sharks:
The third largest family of sharks includes: Bonnethead, Scalloped Hammerhead, and Great Hammerhead Sharks.
Carpet Sharks:
This large family includes: Nurse,
Whale, and a wide variety of Carpet Sharks.
All in the Shark Family Triangle
Anatomy
Shark skin is covered with tiny tooth-like scales that make it feel like sandpaper. Male and female sharks are similar in color, shape and size. Parts of a typical shark include first dorsal fin, second dorsal fin, anal fin, pelvic fin, pectoral fin, gill slits, nostrils, eyes, mouth and spiracle.
Eyes: Sharks can move their eyes in their sockets to see in different directions.
They do not have eyelids, but many species have movable, transparent, membranes that cover and protect the eyes when attacking and eating.
Dorsal Fin: Large fin keep the shark from rolling over.
Pectoral Fin: Moves the shark up and down.
Caudal Fin: Pushes itself through the water.
Denticles: Tooth-like scales that
cover and protect the skin from bites and scratches.
Diagram to Label
Shark Parts Tab Book
Shark Senses
Sharks need all their senses to
locate food. Sound travels over great distances and moves quickly. A shark can
locate prey by sight or smell, by sensing movement with its lateral line, and by
picking up electrical impulses through its sensory pores. Sharks can smell food
over great distances. The scent of blood in the water can attract dozens of
sharks and trigger a feeding frenzy. Sharks also use their sensory pores to
pretaste food by bumping it with their snouts. A shark uses sight to find prey.
It can spot movement and recognize light and dark objects. Sharks are color
blind and also have difficulty identifying shapes.
Shark Teeth
Sharks have up to seven rows of
teeth. When a tooth falls out the one behind moves in and takes it's place. The
front row has about 40-45 teeth. The teeth of living sharks are pure white. They
vary in shape from species to species.
Sharks can't chew their food. If a
meal is too big to swallow then it will shake it from side to side to tear it
into chunks. Sharks can lose up to 30,000 teeth in their lifetime. A few teeth
drop out during each mealtime, and new ones move up to take its place.
Shark Teeth
Website:
http://members.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/sharks/anatomy/Teeth.shtml
Diet
Many sharks are at the top predators
(at the top of the food chain). Top
predators eat many types of animals, but few animals eat them. Many sharks are
picky on what they will eat, but if food is scarce they will eat most anything.
Sharks hunt mainly fish, squid, octopus, crab and shrimp. They will also eat
bodies of dead animals. Some sharks hunt alone or in groups called schools.
Matchbooks (diet, relatives)
Where do
Sharks Live?
Sharks can be found in all the oceans
except the coldest waters around Antarctica. Some inhabit along coastlines and
coral reefs, and others live in deep water. Some types of sharks can swim in
salt water and fresh water.
Shark Relatives
Sharks are related to skates and
rays. Their relatives are called elasmobranches. They all have cartilage
skeletons.
Baby Sharks
Shark babies or pups, are born in a
couple of ways.Some shark species lay eggs. Laying
them in underwater weeds and grasses. Some mothers carry their pups in a
sac inside their body for about 10-12 months. Some are carried for 2 years. Female sharks give birth to
fully developed baby sharks tail first.
All shark pups are miniature versions of their parents. Once born they must fend for themselves. A mother shark can give birth to up to 48 pups in her lifetime.
Young sharks mainly eat small fish
and tiny shrimp.
Babies
Shark Species
Great White:
This shark is also known as the white shark. They have been found in all oceans. Both deep and shallow water. They eat salmon, tuna, dolphins, porpoises, other sharks, and the bodies of dead whales. It surprises it's prey by attacking from behind and below.
Hammerheads:
Some scientist believe there head is shaped like it is to help them smell and feel electrical charges better. It also might help the shark turn quickly.
They eat small fish, other sharks, crustaceans, and stingrays. They usually hunt at night. They live in warm, shallow ocean waters. These sharks swim south in winter and north in summer.
Tiger:
They are named from the stripes they have on their sides when they are young.
These sharks will eat most anything including license plates, and tin cans.
They spend most of their time in deep waters near coral reefs. They eat lobster, squid, fish, sea turtles, birds and smaller sharks. They have also been known to eat people.
Whale:
These are the largest fish in the world. They are found in warm oceans and seas. They swim alone and in schools. They have gills that are covered with thousands of tiny hooks. They simply swim with their mouth open and pick up plankton, shrimp, and small fish.
Nurse:
They live at the bottom of shallow
water. They eat at night and lie in dark spots during the day. They eat crabs,
shrimp, lobster, sea urchins, and fish.
Species Cards & Pocket
Shark Safety
Most sharks attack in shallow water.
There are about 30 different species of sharks that have reported to have
attacked humans. Many great white's have mistaken people paddling on surfboards
for prey. From below, they look like a seal or sea lion. Noise travels a long
way under water. The splashing and noises from rescue crew can attract sharks
from several miles away. Shark attacks are rare. You are more likely to get a
bee sting or attacked by a dog than a shark.
Never go in the ocean with an unhealed cut.
Wade only where you can see the ocean floor.
Avoid dark water.
Never swim in the ocean at night.
Never touch a small or injured shark.
If you fall overboard into the ocean, do not shout, splash, or kick your legs.
Sharks in Danger
Sharks are important to our oceans and seas. They help keep it healthy by eating sick animals. Scientists are researching shark's bodies as it may cure cancer in people. Some shark's are killed for sport for there meat, to make leather from their skins and for their fins. Others are killed by accident with boats and fishing nets. Sharks may help us, but we are their worst enemy.
At least 100 million sharks are caught each year for food or sport. We are killing sharks faster than they are being born as some species only have one pup at a time and may take several years to have them. There are many species of sharks that are in danger of becoming extinct.
Scientists are studying sharks to find out more about them such as how long they live, how fast they grow and how far they swim. They put sonic tags on their fins which give out signals to help follow them. The more they know about them, the better chance they have in helping them from becoming extinct.
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