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Chita's Christmas Tree Free Unit Study
Chita's Christmas Tree
  Written by Elizabeth Fitzgerald Howard
Illustrated by Floyd Cooper
ISBN: 1416961569

Summary:  A warm wintery Christmas story set in turn-of-the-century Baltimore. Chita's Christmas story celebrates the timeless joys of the season, and most of all, the delicious anticipation of a tree... a deep green pine with branches that tickle the sky. 

Unit prepared by Lisa Weir, Kelly Cooper, Celia Hartmann, and Carriejoy Warren


Level 3 Unit


Lapbook Starter
Mini Books by Kelly Cooper

Christmas Tree T-book
Sugar Cookie Pocket
Waffle Matchbook
Snow Quote Copywork & Washington Monument Simple Fold

Where is......Maryland  Shutterfold Book
Maryland State Symbols Tab Book

 

Social Studies:

Geography:  Maryland
The opening page of our story mentions that Chita lives "in the middle of old Baltimore."  Baltimore is a city in the state of Maryland.

In 1608, Capt. John Smith explored the Chesepeake Bay area of what is now Maryland.  In 1632, a royal charter was granted by England's King Charles I to Cecil Calvert, the 2nd Lord Baltimore.  The new colony was named Maryland, in honor of the wife of Charles I, Henrietta Maria.   Many of the early settlers of Maryland were Roman Catholics.  

During the Battle of Fort McHenry of the War of 1812, Francis Scott Key was inspired to write a poem entitled "The Defense of Fort McHenry," which later became renamed "The Star-Spangled Banner," which became America's national anthem.  Fort McHenry was located in Baltimore, Maryland.  

Annapolis is the capital of Maryland.  Annapolis was originally named Providence.  However, in 1708, the city was renamed to honor Queen Anne of England.   Seventy-five years later, after the American colonies gained their freedom from England, Annapolis became the capital of the newly formed United States of America.

During the American Civil War, Maryland was a slave state, but did not secede from the Union.  Because of this, family members fought against each other, dividing the families.  The very first casualties of the Civil War occurred in Maryland.   One of the major battles of the Civil War was fought in Maryland:   The Battle of Antietam (also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg).  It was the worst one-day battle, having over 23,000 men die.

Just a few years before our story takes place, a great fire occurred in Baltimore, Maryland.  It burned for 30 hours and destroyed over 1,500 buildings over a 70-block area.  

The state bird is the Baltimore Oriole and the state flower is the Black-eyed Susan.   Your student may interested in learning more about Maryland's other state symbols.  Here are some websites to learn about other symbols:  MarylandKids   Wiki      

Websites where you might find more information about Maryland:
    MarylandKids
    Enchanted Learning

Lapbook/Notebook Components:

Where is.....Maryland  Notebook Page
Where is......Maryland  Shutterfold Book
Maryland State Symbols Tab Book
Maryland Flower & Bird Coloring Page
Maryland Flower & Bird Minit Book

Famous Monuments:  Washington Monument in Baltimore, Maryland
Our story mentions that Chita and Papa drive "past the George Washington Monument."  Since our story takes place in Baltimore, Maryland, we know they are talking about the Washington Monument of Baltimore and not the tall obelisk in Washington, D.C., which is also known as the Washington Monument.

The Washington Monument in the Mt. Vernon neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland was the first monument to honor George Washington, our nation's first president.  Both it and the one that would be later built in our nation's capitol were designed by Robert Mills.  Construction of the one in Baltimore started in 1815 and took 14 years to complete.  It rises 178 feet high and is made of marble.  It contains a museum in the bottom.  There are 228 steps to a viewing area near the top.   At the very top of the monument is a statue of George Washington.  

Interesting bit of trivia:   If you or your older student has read Moby Dick, he might be interested in knowing that the "Great Washington" mentioned in Chapter 35 is this monument.

Possible Rabbit Trail:  Research and learn more about George Washington

History - The Spanish-American War
Chita’s father fought in the Spanish-American War. The Spanish-American War was fought between the United States and Spain in 1898. Cuba, who was ruled by Spain, wanted to be free or independent from Spain. Many people in the United States felt sympathy for the Cubans, you will remember from your studies that the United States fought for their independence from England in the Revolutionary War.

Younger Students
Locate Cuba on the map of the United States, you will find it off the coast of Florida, very close to Mexico. Cuba is an island. Islands are land surrounded on all four sides by water. Cuba is part of a group of islands we call the Caribbean Islands. Cuba is the largest of those islands. It’s capital is Havana.  Color the flag of Cuba

A United States Battleship named the Maine was on its way to Cuba in 1898. The Battleship Maine exploded and sunk in the harbor of Havana off the Cuban shore. Two hundred and sixty men lost their lives. Many people blamed Spain for the tragedy and soon after the Spanish-American War started between the United States and Spain.

Middle Students
Design a century book page or timeline piece for the Spanish American War. Use the Spanish-American War notebooking page.

Older Students
Read more about The Sinking of the Battleship Maine in the Cornerstone of Freedom book by the same title or in another book about the sinking of the Battleship Maine. Use The Sinking of the Battleship Maine notebooking page to write about your reading.

For Further Study About the Spanish-American War
Colonel Theodore Roosevelt led the Rough Riders, an all volunteer army of cowboys, Indians, miners and other men, in a fight on Cuban soil at San Juan Hill.   Students might be interested in reading Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders by Henry Castor, illustrated by William Reusswig, a landmark book published by Random House, New York, 1954.   A more recent book, a picture book titled The Buffalo Soldier by Sherry Garland, illustrated by Ronald Himler, is about buffalo soldiers and their service to the country during the American Indian and Spanish American War.  After the Spanish – American War many saw the need for a canal to be built between the strip of land that connects North and South America. Read about how the Panama Canal was built in the Cornerstone of Freedom book by the same name.



Language Arts

Vocabulary:
1. pulse-
 the “beat” , rhythm or “throb” of your heart (or anything that can vibrate)
2. cravat- an old-fashioned necktie; a cloth, often made of or trimmed with lace, worn about the neck by men esp. in the 17th century
; a bandage made by folding a triangular piece of material into a band, used temporarily for a fracture or wound
3. patience- bearing annoyance, misfortune, or pain, without complaining or getting irritated
4. graceful- elegance; the ability to move, speak or behave beautifully or elegantly
5. anticipation- the feeling of hope or excitement prior to an event
6. tweak- to pinch or pull (like an ear or nose or cheek) sometimes quickly, sometimes gently; to make a small adjustment

 

Applied Math

Dozen / Counting by 12s:   Chita and her mother baked dozens of cookies.  How many items are in a dozen?    Chita and her mother baked 20 dozen sugar cookies shaped like stars (and one round cookie face with a raisin mustache!).   Does your student know how many items are in a dozen?  Can he name things that are often sold in quantities of a dozen?  (eggs, roses, doughnuts, cookies)

For your older student, you may wish to review or introduce counting by 12s and the 12 family of math facts (1x12=12, 2x12=24, and so on).    Have your student determine how many individual cookies Chita and her mother baked either by counting by 12 twenty times, or by multiplying 12 times 20.  (Your student may also wish to add on the one round cookie face as well.)

Telling Time to the Hour
In our story, the clock strikes the hour when Chita awakens Christmas morning.   Can you student determine what time Chita woke up?  (8 o'clock)   Can your student tell time when it's on the hour?   Introduce or review telling time to the hour.  

Temperature
It was a frosty cold during the drive into the deep woods to chose the Christmas tree. Frost is powdery ice that forms on things in freezing weather. We measure freezing weather by temperature. Thermometers help us to measure temperature. Thermometer comes from two Greek words the word thermo which means heat and meter which means measure.

We measure temperature using a thermometer. There are different types of thermometers for different purposes. An outside thermometer measure the temperature of the air. A candy thermometer measures the temperature of the sugar and water or chocolate that is melting to make candy. Another kind of thermometer measures body temperature, we use that kind of thermometer to check if you have a fever. Another kind of thermometer, a meat thermometer measures the temperature of meat that is cooking. Meat cooked at a high temperature kills off bacteria that might form in the meat.

Temperature is measured by degree in Fahrenheit and Celsius. Fahrenheit water boils at 212 degrees and freezes at 32 degrees. In Celsius water boils at 100 degrees and freezes at zero. In the United States we use the Fahrenheit system when we talk about temperature. Other places use the Celsius system.

Lets practice reading thermometers.
You will need a thermometer, a few different kinds would be good. Outside temperature thermometers can be purchased from the garden center inexpensively. Candy thermometers and meat thermometers can be purchased in cooking sections and thermometers to measure body temperature can be purchased in drug stores.

If you would like to make your own thermometer instructions can be found at the following location.
http://www.essortment.com/hobbies/thermometerscie_shck.htm

If your thermometer does not have Celsius on it, you can use the converter at the following location:
http://ostermiller.org/calc/temperature.html
 


Science

Coniferous Trees

In the deep, deep woods there were pines and firs.  Both of these trees are evergreens which are conifers. 

The word conifer comes from the Latin words conus (cone) and ferre (to bear). The word literally means cone bearing.   Coniferous trees have needle-like or scale-like leaves.  Unlike deciduous trees they don’t lose their leaves in the fall or winter.  Evergreens also produce pine cones (not fruit or flowers).  Some needles are very soft to the touch others are prickly and pokey. 

Deciduous trees are trees that lose their leaves.  An example would be a maple tree.

There are different ways to classify (or group) trees to determine whether they are deciduous or coniferous:

By seed
Does this tree produce fruit/flowers or cones?

You know what fruits and flowers are, but did you know that the pine cone is actually where the tree makes and protects the evergreen’s seed?  Cones are made up of many scales. Scales are a kind of shelter for the seed. When it's time, the scales of the cone open and the seeds fall to the ground. Because the seeds sit on the scales and are not totally protected, conifer trees can also be grouped as gymnosperms. The word gymnosperm means naked seed.

By leaf
Are they thin and pokey
-needles or are they broad and flat to soak up the sun?

Broad leaves have more of a surface so they can gather more sunlight. A tree with flat, wide leaves also loses a lot of water because of evaporation. There are other trees that have needle-like or scale-like leaves. We often just say that they have needles.  They are long and thin. Trees with needles need less water because this shape slows down the evaporation of water so the tree doesn't lose as much. Trees with needles can grow in areas that other trees can't, but they still need just the right amount of sunlight for the tree to produce food. Conifers grow in a triangle shape so that more of the tree needs can be exposed to the sun.

How they lose their leaves
Many trees lose their leaves when the weather gets cool. Deciduous trees have leaves that fall to the ground all at once and grow back again when the weather gets warmer. Other trees (evergreens) have leaves or needles that fall off a little at a time. These types of trees are always growing new leaves  .As the needles become older, they drop off the tree to make room for new needles that will replace them.

Weather and Seasons: Winter
If your student is interested, you may want to spend some time learning more about winter as a season or the weather that occurs in winter. 

Snowflakes
Wilson A. Bentley  discovered after studying over 5,000 snow crystals under a microscope that no two are alike. He lived in Jericho, Vermont,. In 1885 he became the first person to ever photograph a single snowflake.

Bible tie-in (to snowflakes)

We are each created unique and for God’s purposes.

Psalm 139:1-16
O LORD, You have searched me and known me.  You know when I sit down and when I rise up; You understand my thought from afar. You scrutinize my path and my lying down, And are intimately acquainted with all my ways. Even before there is a word on my tongue, Behold, O LORD, You know it all.
You have enclosed me behind and before, And laid Your hand upon me. Such knowledge is too wonderful for me; It is too high, I cannot attain to it.
Where can I go from Your Spirit? Or where can I flee from Your presence?  If I ascend to heaven, You are there; If I make my bed in Sheol, behold, You are there. If I take the wings of the dawn, If I dwell in the remotest part of the sea, Even there Your hand will lead me, And Your right hand will lay hold of me. If I say, "Surely the darkness will overwhelm me, And the light around me will be night," Even the darkness is not dark to You, And the night is as bright as the day. Darkness and light are alike to You. For You formed my inward parts; You wove me in my mother's womb. I will give thanks to You, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made; Wonderful are Your works, And my soul knows it very well. My frame was not hidden from You, When I was made in secret, And skillfully wrought in the depths of the earth; Your eyeshave seen my unformed substance; And in Your book were all written The days that were ordained for me, When as yet therewas not one of them.

Here are some printables to aid in your discussions of winter weather:
Seasons
What is Snow? Worksheet
 
Rabbit Trail:  Heart/Pulse:   " 'Will Papa listen to any hearts today?'  asks Chita.  'No hearts, no pulses,' says Papa.  'My patients don't need to see me today.' "    Your student may be interested in learning about how doctors listen to hearts and take pulses or how the heart pumps our blood and why we have a pulse.



Home Economics:  Cooking

EASY SUGAR COOKIES
1 c. shortening
1 1/2 c. sugar
2 eggs
2 3/4 c. flour
2 tsp. soda
1/2 tsp. salt
1 tsp. vanilla
Cream the first 2 ingredients well. Beat in eggs and vanilla; add soda and salt. Mix well. Blend in flour. Pinch out a small amount of dough and roll in sugar. Bake at 400 degrees for 15 minutes.

Your student may also wish to try some of the foods Chita ate for Christmas dinner:  creamed oysters, ham, roasted chestnuts, hominy, sauerkraut, candied sweet potatoes, or plum pudding.

Waffles
The word waffle is Dutch (wafel) and was known to the Pilgrims who went to Holland before sailing to America in 1620.
Thomas Jefferson came from home from France with a waffle iron (a long-handled griddle that had that enclosed the batter.)
A “Belgian” waffle was created by Maurice Vermersch. He got the recipe from his wife while he was living in Belgium before WWII. After he served in the war he started two restaurants in Belgium. He even took them to the Brussles Fair in 1960. He later went to New York to the 1964 World’s Fair. There they changed the name from “Brussels Waffle” to the Belgian waffle.

Make some waffles together sometime during this unit!


Bible

He makes a tree and the rain makes it grow.  Isaiah 44:14

Children are a gift from the Lord. Psalm 127:3

Each one should give,  then, what he has decided in his heart to give...God loves the person who happily gives.  2 Corithians 9:7

One of the traditions mentioned in the story was Papa reading "the Christmas story."  Read it aloud.

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