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Folding Instruction Guide

General Lessons

Vocabulary Words
These words are from throughout the book, page numbers where they first appear are in parenthesis. You can choose other words that are appropriate for your child and add them to this list for the Vocabulary Jeopardy game described below.

pallet (2) - a mattress

open (13) - honest

frantic (19) - very worried, upset, hurried

bitterly (25) - angry

eerie (36) - scary, spooky

soothing (47) - relaxing, comforting

spurred (49) - urged, driven

civil (69)- means civilian or citizen. The war was a war of the citizens.

secede (69)- to leave

hearth (1)- stone or brick fireplace

safe house (7)- a place for runaways to rest and eat

plantation (4)- a large farm to grow tobacco, cotton, or other crops

Vocabulary Jeopardy is played like the TV show Jeopardy. The host (parent) reads the definition of a vocabulary word aloud. Students answer in the form of a question, for example: a word that means scary or spooky "What is eerie?" While your clues could have many answers, the student will have studied the vocabulary and will be prepared for the word you are looking for.

Vocabulary lapbook component- Vocabulary Pocket and Cards

Discussion Questions
You will find discussion questions in each chapter.  Here is a minit book to use throughout this unit study.

Chapter Lessons

Chapter 1

History: Civil War
What was the Civil War? The states in the United States of America are like any family, not everyone gets along all the time. Some of the states disagreed about basic things including whether it was okay to have slaves or not. The northern states had lots of factories and large cities, slaves weren’t needed. The North did not think it was right or necessary to have slaves. The southern states economy centered around large plantations where slaves tended and harvested crops like rice, cotton, and tobacco. The people of the south felt they needed slaves to work in their fields.

In 1861 eleven of the southern states (South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas) came up with a solution. They seceded, or left, the Union. The Union was another name for the United States. The southern states were now called the Confederate States of America, or the Confederacy. Abraham Lincoln was president of the United States. One early battle was the Battle of Bull Run on July 16, 1861. More than 30,000 Union soldiers marched south toward Bull Run Creek in Virginia. No one believed the war would last long. On that day many wealthy people followed in carriages and brought picnic blankets, food, and wine. Why? They were going to watch the battle. As the battle went on the spectators realized this was no fun outing and they began to flee, leaving behind picnics as they tried to escape. There were many bloody battles between the Confederacy and the Union. Fighting began in 1861 and did not end for four years. The Union eventually won and the United States was whole again.

What was the Civil War? Simple Fold
Divided States Map

You also may want to complete this minit book from HSS's Civil War Lapbook:
Important People Side by Side

Human Relationships:  Family History
Family was very important to Addy. Complete a family tree for Addy’s family in the minit provided. Include Addy, Momma, Poppa, Sam, Esther, Auntie Lula, Uncle Solomon. Then complete your own family tree.

Language Arts:  Similes and Clichés (by Ami)
What is a simile? Similes are comparisons between two unlike objects or things.  The word as or like is used to make the connection between the two things. One example in chapter one of Meet Addy is at the bottom of page one: "Sweat crawled down her small body like ants." Sweat and ants are not really alike, but the comparison gives us one way that sweat and ants can be alike.   Does this simile make your student want to jump up and squeal?  It should!  It's icky!  The author chose to compare ants and sweat on purpose because she knew it would allow the reader to almost feel what the character was feeling.  Good writers make new comparisons between two objects; they don't depend on old, worn-out cliches such as "quick as a fox"or "tired as a dog" when they are creating images.

If your student is ready, take the time to introduce the concept of clichés.  Eve Merriam has a great poem that will help you and your student both understand more about these phrases that must be avoided in writing.   Record the original similes on your similes clipboard minit book.

A cliché
is what we all say
when we're too lazy
to find another way

and so we say

warm as toast,
quiet as a mouse,
slow as molasses,
quick as a wink.

Think,
Is toast the warmest thing you know?
Think again, it might not be so.
Think again, it might even be snow!
Soft as lamb's wool, fleecy snow,
a lacy shawl of new-fallen snow.

Listen to that mouse go
scuttling and clawing,
nibbling and pawing.
A mouse can speak
if only a squeak.

Is a mouse the quietest thing you know?
Think again, it might not be so.
Think again, it might be a shadow.
Quiet as a shadow,
quiet as growing grass,
quiet as a pillow,
or a looking glass

Slow as molasses,
quick as a wink.
Before you say so,
take time to think.

-Eve Merriam

Discussion Questions
1. Momma and Poppa have different opinions about trying to escape as a family. What is your opinion? Please give at least 2 reasons to support your opinion.

2. How would Addy’s family make it to Philadelphia? There are no cars at this time.

3. What crop is grown on Master Stevens’ plantation? (tobacco) What do we know today of tobacco’s effects on the body?

Science: Tobacco
The tobacco plant is very beautiful. Leaves grow at the base of the plant. When it flowers the plant grows tall stems (3 ft. tall). The flowers on these stems can be white, pink, purple, and peach. Many people enjoy the smell of these flowers.   However, the effects of tobacco on the human body are not beautiful.  Discuss the following with your student:

~every 10 seconds someone in the world dies from the effects of smoking
~tobacco has 800 times the concentration of carbon monoxide safety levels
~more than 50,000 people die each year from the effects of secondhand smoke
~nicotine is a highly addictive drug that grows naturally in the tobacco plant
~use of tobacco products lead to asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, mouth cancer, and more

Complete the The Truth About Tobacco minit book.

Applied Math- Division
The children worked the fields for half a day. How many hours are in a day? How many hours are in half a day? Show your child two ways to solve the problem. The fraction 1/2 is equal to .5. Show 24 x .5  = 12.0 You can also divide the day in half by dividing by 2. 

(24 divided by 2 = 12) Ask your child how many hours in a quarter of a day. The fraction 1/4 is equal to .25. Show 24 x .25 = 6. You can also divide the day into quarters by  dividing by 4. (24 divided by 4 = 6)

Chapter 2

Bible:  The Story of Joseph
Addy’s father and brother were sold. Read the story of Joseph to see how God can work all things, even slavery, for our good. ( This is recorded in the bible in Genesis chapters 37, 39-47. You might want to work through the whole story over the course of a few days with you child.)

Discussion Questions
1. Addy learns to hid her feelings from the example of her parents. Why was that an important skill for people living in slavery?

2. In Addy’s time the kitchen was a separate building from the house. Why do you think this is?

3. How does Master Stevens treat Addy in this chapter when she is serving dinner?

Art:  Picture Study/Observing Details in Art
Look at the painting of Addy serving dinner to Master Stephens on page 16 of Meet Addy. What do you notice first? What things can you learn about how Addy felt by looking at the picture? Look at the painting again. Did you notice what food was being served?   Picture Study Fan

Language Arts:  Speaker Tags (Said is Dead!)
Said is a verb that can often be overused when there is a lot of dialogue in a story. Look in Meet Addy for examples of other verbs the author, Connie Porter, used in place of said.  Brainstorm a list of verbs you could use the next time you write a story and encourage your student to stop using said! "Said is Dead" pocket & list

Language Arts:  Riddles
Addy’s brother Sam loves to tell Addy riddles. A riddle is a statement or question with a hidden meaning. For example, on page 11 of Meet Addy Sam asks: "What’s smaller than a dog but can put a bear on the run?" The answer was a skunk. Read the examples below and write some riddles of your own.   

What do you call a kitten drinking lemonade? A sour-puss.
What month has 28 days? All of them!
What building has the most stories? The library!

Complete the Riddles Flap book for your lapbook.

Life Skills:  Cooking- Fried Cornmeal Mush
note:  you need to plan ahead for this

Ingredients
3 cups water
1 teaspoon salt
1 cup yellow corneal
1 tablespoon butter

Directions:
1) In a medium saucepan heat 2 cups of water (reserving the 3rd cup for later). Bring water to a boil.
2) While water is heating: in a small bowl combine the cornmeal, salt, and the reserved cup of water together.
3) When the water has come to a boil, slowly pour the cornmeal mixture into the boiling water. Stir constantly until the mixture becomes thick.
4) Spoon cornmeal mixture into a lightly greased 9x5 inch loaf pan. Cover and refrigerate overnight.

Next morning:
Melt butter in a skillet over medium high heat. Slice cornmeal mush into 1 inch wide slices. Cook in melted butter until golden brown on both sides.

Serve:
Spread a pat of butter on top, sprinkle with powder sugar, and top with maple syrup. Eat with eggs, and meat of your choice.

Chapter 3

Science:  Tobacco Worm
Manduca sexta is this creature's scientific name. A tobacco worm is a green caterpillar with seven white lines on its side and a red horn on the rear. It can measure up to 4 inches in length. The tobacco worm's lifecylce is just like any moth:  egg, caterpillar, chrysalis, and adult.  The adult is also known as a hawk moth or sphinx moth. The caterpillar eats primarily tobacco leaves, but the adult is a nectar feeder.  Lifecycle Wheel

Science:  Gourds
What is a gourd? A gourd is the fruit of a plant like squash, pumpkin, and other relatives. When dried they can be hollowed out and used in many ways, including as a container to hold water like Addy’s mother mentions on page 29 of Meet Addy.  Uses for Gourds Petal Book

Discussion Questions
1. Do you agree with Momma’s decision to try to escape with only Addy? Why or why not?

2. Imagine you are Auntie Lula - how would you explain to Ester what happened to her family as she grows older?

3. Why does Momma feel it isn’t safe to bring baby Ester along when they are escaping? (Ester can’t run, she might cry and they could get caught)

Bible: Forgiveness
God wants us to forgive those that hurt or offend us. Holding a grudge only hurts us, not the person we are mad at. Read at least one verse on forgiveness with your child and memorize it. Recite it daily for a week, and check in each evening to see how you are both doing on forgiving others. Some verses on forgiveness:

Matthew 5:24, 44-45
Mathew 6:9-15
Colossians 3:13
James 5:16
Ephesians 4:32

Chapter 4

Art: Picture Study/Discussion
Look at the painting on page 35. What part of the scene draws your attention first? Now look at the rest of the picture, what person holds your attention? Why?  Picture Study

Science:  Directions
In chapter 4 Addy and her Momma use the moon and stars to help them find their way at night. If the moon rises before the sun has set, the moon will be to the west. If the moon rises after midnight, the moon will be to the east. This provides us with a rough east-west reference during the night. For example Addy was heading North, so during the first half of the night she would have kept the moon on her left hand as she walked, and after midnight she would want to keep the moon on her right.

Some stars are constants in the sky. In the Northern hemisphere is a constellation of 7 stars called the big dipper. It looks like a long-handled dipper. The two stars that are the outer edge of the cup are sometimes called "pointer stars" because they help you locate the North star. You draw an imaginary line from the bottom outer edge star of the cup through the top outer edge star and continue the line about 5 times the distance to find the North star. Look for the big dipper, find the rim of the dipper opposite of the handle. Look for the farthest star on the brim follow it straight up to the north star. Draw a picture of the big & little dipper and north star. On a clear night take your child out to see the moon and stars. See if you can find the big dipper and north star.

Lapbook Component: Compass Minit Book

Science:  Bats
On page 37 Addy hears some nighttime creatures, including owls and bats. When animals are awake at night and sleep during the day they are said to be nocturnal. If your child is interested learn about one nocturnal animal. Homeschool Share has a free lapbook on nocturnal animals if your child is interested. Below is some basic information on bats to get you started:

Where do bats live? Bats can be found on every continent except Antarctica. They come in many shapes, colors, and sizes. There are nearly 1000 known species of bats.

What kind of homes do bats have? They can live in many places. Some examples are trees, caves, buildings, and under bridges.

What do bats eat? While 70% of bats eat insects, there are bats who eat fruit, nectar, meat, fish, and even blood.

Bat’s have amazing bodies. Their ears hear very well, far better than humans. Most bats have a good sense of smell. Bats are not blind! They used both sight, smell, and hearing when hunting for food. Bats use their strong claws to hang, their hands and wings to fly, and bats have fur. Having fur means bats are mammals!  Bat Facts Shape Book

Language Arts - Poetry
Walt Whitman wrote a poem called "The Runaway Slave"; read it with your child. Depending on the age of your child you can simply enjoy the rhythm and sound of the words, look at the unfamiliar spellings and phrases, or look at the message of the poem. Help your child to tell the poem in his own words. Ask questions such as:

How was the slave when he first met the person in the poem?
What ways did the person in the poem help the slave?
How would you have helped a slave?
How can we help others around us?

Lapbook Component: Poetry Flap

The Runaway Slave
by Walt Whitman

The runaway slave came to my house and stopt outside,
I heard his motions crackling the twigs of the woodpile,
Through the swung half-door of the kitchen
I saw him limpsy and weak,
And went where he sat on a log and led him in
and assured him,
And brought water and fill’d a tub for his sweated
body and bruis’d feet,
And gave him a room that enter’d from my own,
and gave him some coarse clean clothes,
And remember perfectly well his revolving eyes
and his awkwardness,
And remember putting plasters on the galls of his
neck and ankles;
He staid with me a week before he was recuperated
and pass’d north,
I had him sit next me at table, my fire-lock lean’d in the corner.

Life Skills:  Cooking - Cornbread

Ingredients:
1 cup corn meal
1 cup all-purpose flour
1/4 sugar
1 tablespoon baking powder
1 teaspoon salt
1 cup milk
1/3 vegetable oil
1 egg

Mix dry ingredients in a bowl, add wet ingredients, mix. Pour into greased 8x8 pan and bake 20 - 25 minutes at 400 degrees.

Discussion Questions
1. What does the cowrie shell necklace remind Addy of? (the courage and strength of her ancestors, the love in her heart)

Applied Math - Speed
In chapter four, Addy and her Momma traveled for hours getting from the Gifford place to the railroad tracks. In chapter one we learned that it was about 10 miles. If Addy and her Momma walked a steady pace of one mile per hour, how long would it take to get to the tracks? (10 ÷ 1 = 10 hours) How long would it take if they doubled their speed, moving at two miles per hour? (10 ÷ 2 = 5 hours) How long would it take if they ran with all their might at five miles per hour? (10 ÷ 5 = 2 hours) How long would it take you to go 10 miles, traveling in a car at 60 miles per hour? This will be a two-step problem. First figure out how many miles a minute you were traveling. (60 mph ÷ 60 minutes in an hour = 1 mile a minute) Then multiply that by the number of miles you traveled. (10 miles traveled x 1 mile a minute = 10 minutes to travel 60 miles at 60 mph).

Chapter 5

History: Underground Railroad
What is the underground railroad? The "railroad" was really a network of people who were willing to help slaves escape to freedom. These people were called conductors, and they led people from one hiding place to the next. Each hiding place was called a station. Many stations were houses or barns with clever hiding places. There might be fake walls, hidden rooms under the floors, etc. At nighttime a conductor would lead people to the next station or give them directions on where to go. The Underground Railroad was dangerous for slaves and conductors. They could be charged fines, be arrested, or even be killed if they were caught.

Activity - create two stations on the underground railroad in your home, yard, or at a park. Remember each needs a good hiding place. Choose who will be the conductor, and who will be the slaves escaping to freedom. Act out what it might have been like, then trade places.

Lapbook Components (pick one)
The Underground Railroad Blank Book
Underground Railroad Option #2 (create your own minit book)

Bible: A Time To...
In Ecclesiastes 3:7 we are told there is a time to keep silence and a time to speak. How has Addy followed that counsel? When could you practice keeping silent instead of voicing your opinions and emotions?   Lapbook Component- Tab Book

Life Skills:  Cooking- Greens and Rice

Ingredients:
2 cups chicken or meat stock
1 cup long-grain rice
1 tablespoon butter
1/2 teaspoon salt
3 cups chopped collard leaves
pepper

Directions:  Bring the stock to a boil in a 2 quart saucepan. Add rice, butter, salt, and collard leaves, stir, and return to a boil. Cover pan and reduce heat, cooking about 20 minutes, or until the rice is tender. Season with pepper to taste.

History:  Abraham Lincoln
Since this book is focused on the Civil War, you may want to spend some time to learn more about Abraham Lincoln.

Abraham Lincoln was born in a log cabin in Kentucky on February 12, 1809. He was homechooled for most of his education, only attending public schools for about 18 months. Lincoln loved to read many books, including the Bible and the works of Shakespeare.

As a young man he lived and worked in New Salem, Illinois. He later became a lawyer and state and national representative. He ran for the Senate in 1858 against Stephen Douglas, who was a famous politician. The famous statement "A house divided against itself cannot stand" was part of Lincoln’s nomination speech. Lincoln was against slavery, while Douglas thought each state should decide for itself on whether to allow slavery in it’s borders or not. Lincoln lost the Senate election.

Lincoln then ran for President of the United States and won in 1860. However, he had not won the majority of the votes! How was this possible? The Democratic party had nominated two men for president, Stephen Douglas and Jon Breckinridge. There was also John Bell of the Constitutional Party running in the election. The electoral votes were recorded thus:

Abraham Lincoln - 180
Stephen Douglas - 12
John Breckinridge - 72
John Bell - 39

Only 40 percent of the votes were awarded to Lincoln, but because it was more than any other individual candidate, Lincoln was elected.

Lapbook Component:  Lincoln Pop-up Book